Indoor ornamental vegetable varieties and cultivation techniques
Indoor ornamental vegetables are special vegetables with unique shapes or elegant plant shapes, ornamental values, and relatively small plants, suitable for homes and offices. According to the different organs, it can be divided into the observation, observation, and foliage types. In the 7th China (Zhongshan) Chrysanthemum Variety Exhibition and Zhongshan Agricultural Exposition in 2001, the indoor ornamental vegetables display jointly launched by the Eastern District Agricultural Technology Station and the Guangzhou Food Science Center attracted many participants to stop and appreciate. At present, the supply of ornamental vegetables in Zhongshan is in short supply, which is several times higher than that of ordinary vegetables. For example, potted peppers for viewing purposes, each pot can be sold for more than 100 yuan; Xiaoke Chaotianjia is 20 yuan a pot. In order to enable more people to appreciate the colorful and rare special ornamental vegetables, the varieties that will be welcomed and their main cultivation techniques are described below. 1. Variety selection Ornamental vegetables are used for indoor display. Therefore, the plants should not be tall, and they must choose varieties with beautiful colors, elegant shapes, or strange shapes, strong ornamental qualities, and long viewing periods. The varieties of Guanguo are: Qijiemeijiao, Chaotianjiao, Xiaomijiaojiao, Cherryjiaojiao, Heichaojiaojiao, Zaojiaojiao, Fenglingjiao, Pocket Cigar, Okra; The species of the foliage are Guangxi Ginseng and Red Leaf lettuce. Fine chrysanthemum lettuce, red beet head, ornamental kale, a little red (fresh cilantro), New Zealand spinach, mint leaves, silver silk dish, jade silk dish, leaf pepper, purple cabbage. Second, the choice of flower pots and matrix basins to plastic basin is better, and with a bottom dish, to prevent the leakage of water when the impact of the environment and ornamental effect, pot cultivation should use the substrate cultivation, as little or no soil, to reduce the basin Weight, easy to transport as the principle, the matrix can use coal slag, sawdust, mushroom mud, bagasse, coco pounds, Chinese medicine slag, etc., in order to increase the appearance of the substrate surface can be covered with ceramic, perlite, seaweed and other. However, the substrate cultivation has certain difficulties for the natural fixation of the plants, and bamboo or trusses can be used for support. The stent should adopt the same color as the plants so as not to affect the ornamental effect, and the plants can also be placed in a small sieve basin. , and then placed in the basin filled with the substrate. Third, sowing seedlings in South China, the above ornamental species can be sowed in the indoor annual cultivation, most of the use of nutrition cup nursery, each plant broadcast 3-4 seeds, to be grown to 2-3 true leaves, each cup retains 1 Strong seedlings can be planted when the seedlings have 4-5 true leaves. Fourth, seedling management of fruit and ornamental vegetables, seedling fertilizer should be comprehensive, to ensure that the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is appropriate, generally 15 days after planting began to chase fertilizer, apply fertilizer every 10 days or so, with Lightly applied thinness. Fertilizer to avoid the use of odor chicken manure, pig manure and peanut bran, etc., should use compound fertilizer or urea and other aqueous solution showering to ensure that the indoor environment is not odor emission pollution. When the plants have buds, it is appropriate to fertilize them with thin application. The fertilization interval is shortened from the original 10 days to 6-7 days. When the plants start to bear fruit, the heavy fertilization materials can be shortened to about 5 days, and the fertilizing amount is higher than the original. Increase 1 times, to ensure the development of the fruit required, pay attention to the whole pruning leaves, flower protection and fruit protection (partially deformed fruit with ornamental value should be reserved). The ornamental vegetables in the foliage category are mainly nitrogenous fertilizers. After 7-10 days of planting, they are applied with aqueous urea solution. With the growth of the plants, they are applied every 10 days and applied thinly to enter the vigorous growth stage of the leaves. , Start with the application of the compound fertilizer solution, when spraying, try to avoid the fertilizer solution poured on the leaves, the interval time can be shortened to about 7 days. The above fertilizers can be purchased at the flower shop, which is generally a small package of 50 grams per pack, which is convenient for households with less need. V. Pest Control Most of the ornamental vegetables are cultivated in protected areas or between greenhouses. The capsicum species of the observing fruit are mainly locusts, aphids, and whiteflies. Cigar soaked leachate can be used (20 cigarette butts are immersed in 150 ml of water 4 - 5 hours), brush pen on the stalk and leaves of the plant, try to avoid the use of pesticides (first, less, trouble dispensing, and second, pesticides will pollute the environment), if the effect is not obvious, you can go to the flower shop to buy flowers Pesticides used (small packages, generally 5-10 ml a pack), such as acaricides, acaricides and so on. Diseases mainly include viral diseases, anthrax diseases, and epidemics. They are mainly prevention, and they disinfect seeds, soil, etc., and eradicate the disease. In the early stage of disease, the virus disease can be controlled by 500 times solution of phytosanitary Lingshui agent, and 75% of anthrax disease can be treated. Chitobuzu WP can be controlled by 600 times. The disease can be controlled by 58% of thiram Mn-Zn wettable powder 500 times. The pests of the leafy vegetables were mainly maggots and Spodoptera litura. The tobacco leaching solution was used to prevent and control the disease. The disease was mainly caused by the soft rot disease, and the main disease was prevented. The disease-free seeds were selected, the weeds were promptly removed, and the diseased plants were removed. In the infected part, if the lesion is at the root of the head, it can only be treated with pain. Six, watch period care 1, water some people think that watering every morning, the plant is better, in fact, so that the roots of plants are blisters, easy to rot, watering should be 2-3 days once, watering to have Water seeps out. 2, fertilization In general, entering the viewing period is almost the growth period of ornamental vegetables, whether it is fruit or foliage category, the amount of fertilizer required. Many households or offices have fertilizers, which use limescale after burning off cigarettes to top-dress fertilizers for long-term safety. The essence of soot is grass ash, which has the best effect on fruit seeds and makes fruit last longer. 3. Ventilation and ventilation Most offices are air-conditioned during the day and closed at night. If ornamental plants are under such circumstances for a long time, they will have a greater impact on growth. Fruits may also cause fruit drop. A good method is to move outside after work, if you have better conditions on the terrace, family view, sleep on the balcony before going to bed at night, and put it back indoors during the day.