First, the birth characteristics of the bud period

Cotton bud period refers to the period from the bud to the flowering. It usually starts from late May to early June and lasts for 25 to 30 days. About 40 days after the emergence of cotton, when a triangular young bud with a width of 3 mm appears on the first fruit section of the first fruit branch on the cotton plant, it is called bud.

The emergence of buds marks the transition from vegetative growth to vegetative growth and reproductive growth, but it is still dominated by vegetative growth, with the expansion of vegetatives. The dry matter accumulation of cotton plants in this period increased continuously, and the carbon and nitrogen metabolism was changed from nitrogen metabolism to carbon metabolism in the seedling stage. If the fertilizer is insufficient, the vegetative growth is inhibited, the carbon metabolism is not smooth, and the vegetative body is too small, which may cause premature aging. If the supply of nitrogen is too much, too much sugar will be used to synthesize protein, so that the vegetative body will grow too long, the field will be closed, and the lower part will be poorly ventilated, causing the middle and lower buds to fall off a lot. After the buds fall off, the nutrients originally transported to the middle and lower fruit buds are transported upwards, which further promotes the cotton plants to grow wild, forming a vicious circle, preventing the early buds, and not holding the early bells, forming the so-called "high, large, empty."

The bud stage cotton plant looks like: the plant type is compact, the stem is thick and dense, the fruit branches are stretched to the periphery, the angle of occurrence is large, the internodes are well distributed, the leaves are moderately sized, and the buds are large. If the plant type is loose, the stem is thick and thin, the fruit branches grow upwards, the angle of occurrence is small, the fruit branches are thin and the fruit is long, the leaves are hypertrophy, and the buds are small and small, which is Wang Miao. If the plant type is short, the rod is thin and thin, and the leaflet is small, which is a weak seedling.

Second, field management

The management task of the bud period is centered on fertilizer and water, combined with cultivating, pruning, pest control and chemical control technology, coordinating the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, so that it is strong and not mad, stable and not dying, in the early stage of strong seedlings On the basis of this, we will achieve a steady increase in flower buds. The cotton field in the water and fertilizer fields is mainly controlled, and the dry land is mainly promoted.

(1) Fertilizer application

Fertilization in the bud period must meet the needs of the strong tree, but also prevent too much to cause the length, to achieve steady application, smart application.

In the northern cotton area, for early maturing or thin cotton fields, the fertilization effect is good in the bud stage; the bottom fertilizer is sufficient and the high density cotton field, the bud period should be properly controlled, generally no quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the primary fertilizer can be applied at the initial flowering stage; the medium fertility cotton field can be used. In the Shenglei period or the initial flowering stage, the topdressing can also be applied twice in the early bud stage and the initial flowering stage; in the high-yield cotton field, under the premise of applying the base fertilizer, the organic fertilizer can be added in the bud stage, which has a great effect on increasing yield.

The cotton bud period requires a large amount of water. In the northern cotton area, the rain is less in the bud stage, and the evaporation is serious. The timely and proper amount of watering plays an important role in increasing the yield. In general, cotton fields, in order to alleviate the contradiction between the “three summers” agricultural concentration and summer water use, often watering before the wheat harvest; high-yield cotton fields to prevent the length of the water, often delay the topping water, can promote the roots under the tie, is conducive to enhance the drought resistance of cotton plants, However, the watering time should be combined with local climatic conditions.

(2) cultivating soil

The bud cultivation can play a role in drought relief, weed elimination, root promotion, and control of the length of the child. During the bud period, it is required to cultivate 3 to 4 times, so that after the rain, it will be simmered, and after the pouring, there will be grasshoppers. The cultivating will be deepened one by one, and it should be deep in the Wangchang cotton field, and the depth can reach 10~14cm. Before the ridge is closed, the cultivating combines with the soil, and it is carried out in stages and ends before the rainy season. The height of the soil is about 17cm. The benefits of soil conservation are: small drought can protect the sputum, large drought and gully irrigation; Tianzhu good drainage, prevent cotton plants from lodging, can also improve the ground temperature, promote root development and inhibit weed growth.

(three) pruning

1, go to the leaves. When the cotton plant is budded, the fruit branches and leaf branches can be clearly distinguished, and the leaf branches below the first fruit branch are destroyed in time. How much to leave and leave the leaf branches depends on the density of the seedlings. For small density or dry land, you can not pruning completely. When the leaf branches grow 1 or 2 fruit branches, they can be topped in time. For a stable cotton field with a slightly larger density, one or two leaf branches can be retained. When the two fruit branches are topped, the leaf branches can be removed for the cotton field with a long trend. To leave the leaves should be flexible, can not be forced. Always on the ground, lacking seedlings and ridges, you can keep 1 or 2 leaf branches and use the space to ring.

2, wipe the buds. In the leaf stalks of the main stem and the fruit branches, buds that only consume nutrients and affect the ventilation and light transmission, which are called axillary buds, should be removed in time. Wipe the buds to do "the buds do not mean, the branches are not too thin, wipe the smudges."

3, go to the morning buds. For the early-maturing varieties and sowing early cotton fields, after removing the early early buds, the cotton plant itself has the ability to adjust the bell and adjust the compensatory ability, which can have the following effects: First, reduce the voltial peaches, and reduce the bells and Flange and solve and slow down premature aging. The second is to increase the pupa and early autumn peaches, so that a large number of flowering periods meet the best ringing period. The third is to increase the proportion of the inner and middle fruit branches, and increase the amount of flowers before the frost. The fourth is to promote root development and root activity, extend the functional period of the leaves, and make the cotton plants grow robustly.

There are many ways to go to the early buds, usually when the cotton plants reach 6 to 7 fruit branches. It is best to remove all the flower buds of the base 2 to 3 fruit branches. This measure should be carried out in cotton fields with moderate fertility and increased application of flower bell fertilizer.

(4) Pest control

1. Diseases. The bud period is the peak period of cotton wilt. There are currently no effective prevention measures and medicaments for this disease. Only through agricultural measures to promote cotton seedlings and strong roots, increase resistance and prevent bacterial infection. Such as deep cultivation of land, the addition of organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer.

2, pests. With the cultivation of insect-resistant cotton, blind mites have risen to become major pests. At this stage, it is necessary to closely monitor the changes in cotton field insects and master the initiative. If black spots or brown spots appear on the young leaves, they should be sprayed and removed in time, and strive to prevent female adults from laying eggs on cotton plants.

Pesticides such as Kezhen (Tianjin), endosulfan, benzene, phoxim and malathion have good control effects on blind mites, and organophosphorus pesticides have better effects with pyrethroids.

(5) Discretionary control

For the Wangchang cotton field, the lightening control is carried out 1 to 2 times in the Yulei period. Each time the mu is shrinking 0.3-0.5 grams, the ground can be kept stable, which promotes the robust growth of the roots and is beneficial to the prevention of disease.

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