蛏 Artificially cultivated high-yielding technologies

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I. Beach culture Breeding seedlings on the intertidal beach for breeding is called beach culture. It has the characteristics of simple operation, low investment, low cost, and large profit. The breeding methods mainly include the selection and construction of breeding grounds, the sowing of stocking, the management of daytime, and transplantation. 1. The site selection should choose the tidal flats where fresh water is often injected near the inner bay or estuary. The beach is slightly sloping, with a flat surface and a wide area; seawater fluctuates rapidly and there is no accumulation of water on the beach after ebb tide; the tide is smooth, and if it is close to the harbor, it will be calmer; the breeding tide area can be in the middle and low tide areas, and the tides can be flooded. Full and dry dew, no more than 4 hours to 5 hours per tidal dew; soft mud and sediment mixed bottoms are suitable, but the best structure of the bottom layer is 3 cm to 5 cm surface layer of soft mud, the middle layer of 20 cm to 30 cm sand Mud mixes, the bottom layer is sand or mud; The water quality is not polluted, the specific gravity is 1.005 to 1.020, and the water temperature is 10°C to 30°C. 2. The construction and organization of breeding grounds is called "蛏埕" or "蛏田." The construction of the eaves varies from place to place, and there are also fine and extensive points. (1) After the construction site has been selected, the deforestation site must be designated first. The size of the site is usually 350 to 1300 square meters, and then the embankment is built. There are two ways to build embankment: earth embankment and embankment. The embankment is suitable for soft sand and sandy loam with small wind and waves. The farmland is built around the embankment. The embankment is about 35 centimeters high. For the convenience of production operations, the embankment will be completed. Tablets are divided into small pieces, which are 5 to 7 meters wide, and can be drained or used as sidewalks. The Mandi dike is suitable for sandy depressions in the mouth of the estuary. It is made of manzanes and mud sands. It has two types of embankments and the “man” word embankment. The embankment is suitable for places with rapid water flow. The embankment width is 50 In centimeters, Mangshan reveals 10 cm to 15 cm of soil surface, and it is 10 to 30 angles perpendicular to the direction of the embankment and the direction of the tide, and 45 angles to Hengman dike. The “man” character Mandi embankment is suitable for aquaculture areas where trend is not urgent, Mandi It was built only on the high side of the embankment and was in the shape of "man". After the embankment is completed, ditches must be excavated around the raft. The width and depth of the ravine can be determined according to the size of the raft and the water flow. If the area is large and the water flow is low, the ditches must be wide and deep. (2) Defragmenting the general soft mud bottoms is more extensive. After the earthworms have been leveled and ploughed, they can be planted. However, the bottoms of the sand and mud must be intensively intensively cultivated and plowed. , One week before stocking, turn up the bottom soil of the loquat floor by 20 cm to 30 cm, mix the upper and lower clay, remove the shells and other debris, and pound the soil, use a four-tooth rake to chop the clay block, and pry the soil with a shovel. Rotten and smooth; flat, use earth or screed to compact the concrete. At the time of flat hustle, it is lighter and lighter, and it is pressed into a highway shape from both sides of the sampan. The middle height is low on both sides, so that the sampan surface does not accumulate water when the tide is low. The number of turns, turns, and levels depends on the quality of the bottom layer. The number of hard bottoms should be appropriately increased. Turning over a lot of times and cultivating deeply is one of the important measures to increase the output per unit area. 3. Selection and counting of seedlings (1) The quality of seedlings is related to the effect of seedlings. Good quality seedlings, generally good body fat shells, individual size and tidy, without impurities, clean and odorless; shell thickness, shell front yellow, shell surface is blue and white, shell edge is slightly red; a little vibration, the two shells immediately tight Closed and issued a "squeak" sound; after sowing can immediately sneak into the mud. In addition, when purchasing seedlings, care should be taken to ensure that the physical and chemical environment of the seedling area is similar to that of the culture area. Experiments show that the seedlings produced in the high-salt area can be introduced into the low-salt area for cultivation, and their ability to drill holes is not affected. On the contrary, the seedlings produced in the low-salt area should not be moved to the high-salt area for cultivation. Impact, and it is difficult to carry out normal burrowing life. Secondly, the size of seedlings produced in different salinity areas is closely related to the relationship between drill holes. For seedlings grown in low salt areas, the larger the individual, the more favorable it is to drill holes. Usually, seedlings with body length greater than 10 mm are selected; For seedlings, the larger the individual, the longer the drilling time, while the smaller individuals (less than 10 mm in length) can drill holes faster. Therefore, the choice of seedlings not only considers appearance but also considers ecological factors. (2) Counts of seedlings are generally counted in both volume and weight. The former is randomly sampled based on the number of seedlings per unit of capacity. It can also be sampled to calculate the average value and then calculate the total number. The latter is based on the number of seedlings per unit weight, or the average number of samples taken as a base. 4. The seeding time for seeding and stocking seedlings depends on the climate, sea conditions and other conditions of the site. The general cold to clear and bright, that is, the seedling season of seedlings from the end of January to the beginning of April, and should not be sown after the Ching Ming Festival. The seedling density of seedlings needs to be determined according to the hard and soft bottom sediment, the height of the tidal zone and the individual size of the seedlings. The seeding rate of hard seed is 50% higher than that of soft seedlings. The seeding rate of seedlings is larger than that of seedlings, and the seeding amount is different in different seasons. 5. During the cultivation period, the seedlings shall be sown and diligently examined after seaweed, and shall be inspected in time to make up the seedlings in a timely manner, clearing the trenches, repairing dams and dams, and preventing man-made losses. After the typhoon and the flood waters were laid down in a timely manner, the embankments were built, the channels were dredged, and the belets were scattered and lost. Its biological predators are mainly birds, fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. Birds are mainly ducks. Prevention methods are frightening, net hunting and poisoning. Fish is mainly burrowing meat, such as the Chinese beard lice, crab crab bean pods and so on. They go into the sea before and after the beginning of summer to eat oysters, and fall back into the sea during the fall. For the above fish, drug poisoning is generally used. Crustaceans are mainly crickets, commonly known as shrimp grubs and sand hoppers, and can be used as tobacco leaching liquids, or sprayed with 0.3% concentration of phosgene, or sprayed with 0.02% bleach. Molluscs are mainly purple jade snails, commonly known as scented snails and snails. Every year from April to November, invasive earthworms can be sprayed with a 0.2% to 0.3% lime aqueous solution to make them unearthed or to be automatically unearthed in the morning and evening.蛏 蛏 蛏 蛏 蛏 达 达 达 达 达 达 达 达 达 达 达 达 达 达 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续 继续The district tide area is high, the tide is slow, the bait is less, and the growth is slow. Therefore, it is necessary to transplant and continue to grow and fatten. If you need to raise your baby, you should transplant it before spawning. If you need to raise fat, you should transplant after the eggs have been rejuvenated after spawning, that is, from the beginning of winter to the beginning of spring. The location of the transplant should be a lowland where the tide area is low, the flow is smooth, and the food is rich. Second, water conservation, water conservation, conservation and conservation is a new breeding method that has been explored in recent years. It has the characteristics of short breeding time, rapid growth, plump flesh, low enemy predators and high survival rate. The water store is called the pond. Optional embankment on the waste beach, or use the existing squat area, shrimp pond. 1. Location conditions The Bay is a small, flat tidal flat; there are more than 20 centimeters of high tide area or the upper part of the mid-tide area that is flooded by seawater for more than 20 days per month; the mud pool with mud or mud mixed with soft bottom will not leak water. The pond is composed of pond embankment, ring ditch, raft, inlet and outlet, and culverts. The embankment is built around the depression, and the width of the embankment depends on the size of the storm and the hardness of the bottom. The dike is 3 meters wide and 1 meter high. The embankment should be constructed in several tidal streams, and after a layer of soil is hardened and then increased, the slope outside the embankment should be compacted and leveled. Around the inner side of the pond dike, dig around a width of 2 meters and a depth of about 0.5 meters. The ring ditch acts as a buffer to the influent water, which can protect the mound surface, adjust the water temperature, and facilitate the growth of the mites. The inner side of the ditch is a squat, and the method of slicing is the same as that on the beach. The gully ditch should be kept more than 50 cm deep. The inlet and outlet are located in the upper section of the side bank on the side of the small winds and waves in the Tongtang, and the bottom is soft and the water flow is urgently applied. The culverts are made of pine planks, buried in dike foundations, connected to the bottom of the inner ring ditch, and connected to the outer sea area or the lower part of the pond to drain the pond water. The size and number of culverts depend on the area. 2. The whole planting and sowing of the whole plant is to turn the surface of the plant within 3 meters to 5 meters in width within the ring ditch, with a length of 10 to 20 meters, and a width of 30 to 40 centimeters wide. In one piece. The rafts are arranged from the bottom to the bottom to facilitate drainage. After smashing and smashing, the seeds can be sown after being polished. The time for sowing water and sowing seeds is late, and most of them are from Qingming to Guyu, and are sown one or two months later than the sea area. The main reason is that the seedlings after the Ching Ming period are large in size, strong in adaptability, and have a high survival rate. After the Ching Ming period, the individual seedlings are larger, about 2000 per kilogram, sowing 100,000 seedlings per acre, which is about 10% of beach culture. 3. After the management of the pond, the culverts were blocked after sowing. At the same time, they often went to the sea for inspections and repaired them in time. Enteromorpha, fish, shrimps, crabs, etc. enter the pond with the tide, and dive in the ditch, which will invade the earthworms. The pond water can be drained in the afternoon so that the dew can be dried and dried, which will help to correct and remove enemy enemies. It is also very important to prevent Brassica oleracea. It is common to evacuate the clams before raising the clams; during the cultivation period, it is found that the Brassica moschata is cleared or killed. The medicine can use bleaching powder with chlorine content of 28%~30%. When the water temperature is 10°C～15°C, the concentration of bleaching powder is 100010-6～150010-6; when the water temperature is 15°C～20°C, the drug concentration is 60010-6～100010-6. The water temperature at 20 °C ~ 25 °C when the drug concentration is 10010-6 ~ 60010-6, the liquid directly and evenly sprayed on the canola. 4. Harvesting Seedlings Harvested after 5 to 8 months of planting until the time of spawning until the time of oviposition last year to about 5 cm. Pre-spawning growth does not meet the specifications of the product, or the pro-family spawning after spawning continues to grow until the harvest of the following year is two years old. For two years, the individual is large and can be up to 6 cm long. Under normal circumstances, the harvest of a year is from the beginning of the summer and the end of the autumnal equinox. The harvest time of two years depends mainly on the plumpness of the meat. Two years of good conditions in the breeding area can be harvested during the Ching Ming period, and vice versa. The harvesting methods vary from place to place, and there are three types of digging, catching, and hooking. The muddy ground of the muddy mud, the surface of the muddy surface exposed after ebbing, starting from the end of the earthworm, excavating with tools such as four-tooth rakes, picks, etc., and digging while picking; soft muddy earthworms, directly inserted into the axe by hand Grasp; density sparsely popping, with a hook along the edge of the acupuncture point directly into the lower end of the corpus callosum, and then rotate the hook to raise the corpus callosum.蛏 Quality requirements Fresh, washed, not soaked. According to the number per kilogram, it is divided into: special grade, first grade, second grade, third grade and fourth grade.

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